How Long For Herpes Igg

binding determination

binding styles and techniques over the centuries
(set of "customer binding" by Hans Zotter, 1999)


first Binding customers generally

• bindings there are important Information about history and owner of a single book.
• Only a small percentage of the binding has been artistically decorated consuming!
• through collection and study of the used binding material can be determined to be
• Important Binding researchers in further steps Garages: Paul Adam (Treatise on the cover issue, 1890), Paul Schwenke (first call for librarian dealing with the historical bindings, collection of Einbandabreibungen); Jean Loubier (The book cover in ancient and modern, 1904)
• are from 1926 for all German libraries general description of guidelines for bindings
• Comprehensive catalogs are binding it to this day no!

second The beginnings in ancient times

• earliest traces of single-layer codes of papyrus in the 2nd Century AD
• in the 3rd Century for the first time use of book covers in the first-fourth
• Century have been proven multi-layer codes any thickness
• to the Middle Ages parchment was the primary writing material, so that the sheets could not forgive himself, heavy book covers were necessary
• light cardboards are therefore only towards the end of the Middle Ages with the use of sheets of paper to prove
• Binding of the oldest dates from the beginning 17th Century and was studded with metal

Prachteinbände

• The books of liturgical use were regarded as sacred objects and are therefore often Prachteinbänden provided
• The bookbinder completed in this case only the preliminary work that further refinement took goldsmiths, ivory carvers , enamellers, etc.
• in the later Middle Ages, the fine binding disappears slowly future collector's items with metal cover most cases remain rare

third The medieval leather binding

• The medieval book is usually in leather timber lids bound.
• There are 3 issue techniques from which the first two are rather rare (eg archives): the chain stitch, the layers held together by the stitching thread, during cross stitch, the yarn is a usually soft cover (COPERT) and the back support out of leather or horn plates.
• most common is the stitching on frets made of leather, parchment, or hemp rope.
• The cords were holes in the wooden cover (mostly beech and oak) and is verpflockt with wooden nails.
• The attached lids were then covered with wild, sheep or cow leather (goat and pig leather usually only in the Renaissance).
• The mirrors were covered with parchment leaves.
• mounting massive closing to prevent the warping of the parchment book blocks: as a decorative element in a cardboard and books continue to be used.
• Since the medieval book was kept lying down, they brought fittings on the covers to prevent erosion.
• catenati Libri (books chain) are now often seen only traces of attachment: the chains were used as protection against theft.
• was often edited the section: coloring, gilding, stamping, book title inscription
• The leather covers have been decorated by embossing with metal temples Rolls, sheets and coating iron.
• leather section: with a diameter of artists and artisans in the leather-cut pattern (a blunt instrument technology: Leather drawing); hallmark of the background for lowering, use of filler to increase in certain games.
• The leather cutting technology is already in the 7th Century known flowering in the 15th Century in the southern German, Bohemian and Austrian area, often at the Hebrew manuscripts
• motives of leather cutting technology: stylized plants, animals, heraldic motifs, ornamental writings, saints, angels
• blind embossing technique: most common decoration in the Middle Ages
• Lede workshop had its own typical set of stamps that changed a little, using the punch can now be identified at that time workshops (see binding stamps database), and often wandered stamps also were sold or inherited.

(... more soon ...)